NURS 6640 Week 1 Discussion: Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis?

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NURS 6640 Week 1 Discussion: Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis?

NURS 6640 Week 1 Discussion: Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis?

Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology in terms of influencing changes in behaviors, symptoms of anxiety, and changes in mental state. Changes influenced by psychopharmacology can be explained by the biological basis of treatments. But how does psychotherapy achieve these changes? Does psychotherapy share common neuronal pathways with psychopharmacology? For this Discussion, consider whether psychotherapy also has a biological basis.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Evaluate biological basis of psychotherapy treatments
  • Analyze influences of culture, religion, and socioeconomics on personal perspectives of psychotherapy treatments

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources.
  • Reflect on foundational concepts of psychotherapy.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit!

By Day 3

Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence one’s perspective of the value of psychotherapy treatments. Support your rationale with evidence-based literature.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues by providing an additional scholarly resource that supports or challenges their position along with a brief explanation of the resource.

RE: Discussion – Week 1

According to Holtttum (2014), changes have been found in the frontal lobes of the brain in animals and humans who have experienced stress during their young life, and gene-expression is altered. “Gene-expression is the switching on or off of a gene in our body or brain cells, which means the cell either does or does not do something” (Holttum, S., 2014).  Evidently, stress is capable to modify the way some of our brain cells work, making them less effective in helping us cope with stressors that ordinary life may throw our way.  Fournier and Price (2014) state that the functioning of disorder specific complexes is important in understanding the association between psychotherapy and brain function. “In addition to the general emotion processing and emotion regulation complexes, there is a partially overlapping set of regions that shows increased activation to fear-related stimuli. This system forms a ‘fear network’ and is particularly relevant to the anxious arousal and exaggerated fear responses that characterize anxiety disorders” (Fournier & Price, 2014, p. 291).

Clients and clinician’s cultural values, identities, beliefs, and views form the way they engage with others on a daily basis, including in psychotherapy, they also influence the way different individuals perceive the value of psychotherapy. Some argue that cultural sensitivity should be incorporated with the therapy processes because there are several factors that usually influences it. Analysts insist that treatment should be adapted to some particular cultural setups as a result of the expectations, identities and differing cultural norms.  Each culture might assimilate things differently, for instance, in some, delusions are considered as spiritual communication.  In these cultures, those who experience hallucinations are seen as wise rather than questioned as unreasonable.  Goodwin et al., (2018), suggests that the most successful therapists are those who have knowledge of existing evidence-based strategies for responding to common clinical scenarios, and who sustain a multicultural orientation marked by awareness to opportunities that explore clients’ cultural identities and individualizing psychotherapy accordingly.

References

Fournier, J. C., & Price, R. B. (2014). Psychotherapy and neuroimaging. Psychotherapy: New Evidence and New Approaches, 12(3), 290–298. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207360/

Goodwin, B. J., Coyne, A. E., & Constantino, M. J. (2018). Extending the context-responsive psychotherapy integration framework to cultural processes in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 55(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000143

Holttum, S. (2014). When bad things happen our brains change but psychotherapy and support can help the recovery of our brains and our lives. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 18(2), 52–58. doi:10.1108/MHSI-02-2014-0006

Assessment tools have two primary purposes: 1) to measure illness and diagnose clients, and 2) to measure a client’s response to treatment. Often, you will find that multiple assessment tools are designed to measure the same condition or response. Not all tools, however, are appropriate for use in all clinical situations. You must consider the strengths and weaknesses of each tool to select the appropriate assessment tool for your client. For this Discussion, as you examine the assessment tool assigned to you by the Course Instructor, consider its use in psychotherapy.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Analyze psychometric properties of assessment tools
  • Evaluate appropriate use of assessment tools in psychotherapy
  • Compare assessment tools used in psychotherapy

Note: By Day 1 of this week, the Course Instructor will assign you to an assessment tool that is used in psychotherapy.

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide.
  • Consider the asessment tool assigned to you by the Course Instructor.
  • Review the Library Course Guide in your Learning Resources for assistance in locating information on the assessment tool you were assigned.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit!

By Day 3

Post an explanation of the psychometric properties of the assessment tool you were assigned. Explain when it is appropriate to use this assessment tool with clients, including whether the tool can be used to evaluate the efficacy of psychopharmacologic medications. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues by comparing your assessment tool to theirs.

Submission and Grading Information

NURS 6640 Week 3 Assignment

Assignment 1: Applying Current Literature to Clinical Practice

Literature in psychotherapy differs from other areas of clinical practice. Generally, there are no clinical trials in psychotherapy because it is often neither appropriate nor ethical to have controls in psychotherapy research. This sometimes makes it more difficult to translate research findings into practice. In your role, however, you must be able to synthesize current literature and apply it to your own clients. For this Assignment, you begin practicing this skill by examining current literature on psychodynamic therapy and considering how it might translate into your own clinical practice.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Evaluate the application of current literature to clinical practice

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide.
  • Select one of the psychodynamic therapy articles from the Learning Resources to evaluate for this Assignment.

Note: In nursing practice, it is not uncommon to review current literature and share findings with your colleagues. Approach this Assignment as though you were presenting the information to your colleagues.

The Assignment

In a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation, address the following:

  • Provide an overview of the article you selected.
    • What population is under consideration?
    • What was the specific intervention that was used? Is this a new intervention or one that was already used?
    • What were the author’s claims?
  • Explain the findings/outcomes of the study in the article. Include whether this will translate into practice with your own clients. If so, how? If not, why?
  • Explain whether the limitations of the study might impact your ability to use the findings/outcomes presented in the article. Support your position with evidence-based literature.

Note: The presentation should be 5–10 slides, not including the title and reference slides. Include presenter notes (no more than ½ page per slide) and use tables and/or diagrams where appropriate. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from the article you selected. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK3Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
  • Click the Week 3 Assignment 1 Rubricto review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
  • Click the Week 3 Assignmentlink. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
  • Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK3Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
  • If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
  • Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

NURS 6440 Week 4

Assignment 1: Cognitive Behavioral Theory Versus Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory

While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) have many similarities, they are distinctly different therapeutic approaches. When assessing clients and selecting one of these therapies, you must recognize the importance of not only selecting the one that is best for the client, but also the approach that most aligns to your own skill set. For this Assignment, as you examine the similarities and differences between CBT and REBT, consider which therapeutic approach you might use with your clients.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Compare cognitive behavioral therapy and rational emotive behavioral therapy
  • Recommend cognitive behavioral therapies for clients

To prepare:

  • Review the media in this week’s Learning Resources.
  • Reflect on the various forms of cognitive behavioral therapy.

The Assignment

In a 1- to 2-page paper, address the following:

  • Briefly describe how cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) are similar.
  • Explain at least three differences between CBT and REBT. Include how these differences might impact your practice as a mental health counselor.
  • Explain which version of cognitive behavioral therapy you might use with clients and why. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at ). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
  • Click the Week 4 Assignment 1 Rubricto review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
  • Click the Week 4 Assignment 1link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
  • Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

NURS 6440 Week 5

It is estimated that more than 6% of the U.S. population will experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their lifetime (National Center for PTSD, 2010). This debilitating disorder often interferes with an individual’s ability to function in daily life. Common symptoms of anxiousness and depression frequently lead to substance abuse issues and even physical ailments. For this Discussion, as you examine the Thompson Family Case Study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat clients presenting with PTSD.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Assess clients presenting with posttraumatic stress disorder
  • Analyze therapeutic approaches for treating clients presenting with posttraumatic stress disorder
  • Evaluate outcomes for clients with posttraumatic stress disorder

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide.
  • View the media Academic Year in Residence: Thompson Family Case Study, and assess the client in the case study.
  • For guidance on assessing the client, refer to pages 137–142 of the Wheeler text in this week’s Learning Resources.

Note: To complete this Discussion, you must assess the client, but you are not required to submit a formal Comprehensive Client Assessment.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit!

By Day 3

Post on or before Day 3 an explanation of your observations of the client William in Thompson Family Case Study, including behaviors that align to the PTSD criteria in DSM-5. Then, explain therapeutic approaches you might use with this client, including psychotropic medications if appropriate. Finally, explain expected outcomes for the client based on these therapeutic approaches. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

Week 6

Addictive disorders can be particularly challenging for clients. Not only do these disorders typically interfere with a client’s ability to function in daily life, but they also often manifest as negative and sometimes criminal behaviors. Sometime clients with addictive disorders also suffer from other mental health issues, creating even greater struggles for them to overcome. In your role, you have the opportunity to help clients address their addictions and improve outcomes for both the clients and their families. For this Assignment, as you examine the Levy Family video in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat clients presenting with addiction.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Assess clients presenting with addictive disorders
  • Analyze therapeutic approaches for treating clients with addictive disorders
  • Evaluate outcomes for clients with addictive disorders

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide.
  • Review the Levy Family video Episodes 1 through 5.

The Assignment

In a 2- to 3-page paper, address the following:

  • After watching Episode 1, describe:
    • What is Mr. Levy’s perception of the problem?
    • What is Mrs. Levy’s perception of the problem?
    • What can be some of the implications of the problem on the family as a whole?
  • After watching Episode 2, describe:
    • What did you think of Mr. Levy’s social worker’s ideas?
    • What were your thoughts of her supervisor’s questions about her suggested therapies and his advice to Mr. Levy’s supervisor?
  • After watching Episode 3, discuss the following:
    • What were your thoughts about the way Mr. Levy’s therapist responded to what Mr. Levy had to say?
    • What were your impressions of how the therapist worked with Mr. Levy? What did you think about the therapy session as a whole?
    • Informed by your knowledge of pathophysiology, explain the physiology of deep breathing (a common technique that we use in helping clients to manage anxiety). Explain how changing breathing mechanics can alter blood chemistry.
    • Describe the therapeutic approach his therapist selected. Would you use exposure therapy with Mr. Levy? Why or why not? What evidence exists to support the use of exposure therapy (or the therapeutic approach you would consider if you disagree with exposure therapy)?
  • In Episode 4, Mr. Levy tells a very difficult story about Kurt, his platoon officer.
    • Discuss how you would have responded to this revelation.
    • Describe how this information would inform your therapeutic approach. What would you say/do next?
  • In Episode 5, Mr. Levy’s therapist is having issues with his story.
    • Imagine that you were providing supervision to this therapist, how would you respond to her concerns?
  • Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at ). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
  • Click the Week 6 Assignment Rubricto review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
  • Click the Week 6 Assignmentlink. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
  • Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
  • If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
  • Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

week 10

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Develop client termination summaries

To prepare:

  • For guidance on writing a Client Termination Summary, review pages 693–712 of the Wheeler text in this week’s Learning Resources.
  • Identify a client who may be ready to complete therapy.

The Assignment

With the client you selected in mind, address the following in a client termination summary (without violating HIPAA regulations):

  • Identifying information of client (i.e., hypothetical name, age, etc.)
  • Date initially contacted therapist, date therapy began, duration of therapy, and date therapy will end
  • Total number of sessions, including number of missed sessions
  • Termination planned or unplanned
  • Presenting problem
  • Major psychosocial issues
  • Types of services rendered (i.e., individual, couple/family therapy, group therapy, etc.)
  • Overview of treatment process
  • Goal status (goals met, partially met, unmet)
  • Treatment limitations (if any)
  • Remaining difficulties and/or concerns
  • Recommendations
  • Follow-up plan (if indicated)
  • Instructions for future contact
  • Signatures

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment.

Submission

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the following naming convention: “WK10Assgn1+lastname+first initial”.
  • Click the Week 10 Assignment 1 link.
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